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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 24
| Issue : 3 | Page : 227-228 |
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Intracranial hydatid cyst: Removal by Dowling's technique of hydrodissection
Md. Imran Nasir1, Vipin Kumar Gupta2, Archit Latawa2, Sushma Bhardwaj3
1 Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
2 Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
3 Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| Date of Web Publication | 6-Jun-2019 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Vipin Kumar Gupta
Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_206_18
How to cite this article:
Nasir MI, Gupta VK, Latawa A, Bhardwaj S. Intracranial hydatid cyst: Removal by Dowling's technique of hydrodissection. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2019;24:227-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Nasir MI, Gupta VK, Latawa A, Bhardwaj S. Intracranial hydatid cyst: Removal by Dowling's technique of hydrodissection. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg [serial online] 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 23];24:227-8. Available from: https://www.jiaps.com/text.asp?2019/24/3/227/259757 |
Sir,
A 4-year-old boy was admitted to pediatric emergency for focal seizures with secondary generalization for 5 months. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion of 4.38 cm × 4.55 cm in the right temporal lobe suggestive of hydatid cyst, and craniotomy with removal of the cyst was planned.
The patient underwent right frontotemporal craniotomy. Dura was opened circumferentially away from the cyst, and the cyst was seen in the right temporal lobe covered by atrophic cortex. Cotton patties soaked in hypertonic saline were placed around the cyst. The plane between cortex and cyst wall was delineated. Catheter tip introduced in this plane irrigation with saline was started. To facilitate removal, the cyst was made gravity dependent by tilting head end of the table down by 10°–20°. Gradually, the cyst started separating from the parenchyma and was eventually separated from the cortex as a whole without rupture and delivered in a bowl. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on albendazole (dose: 15 mg/kg/d in two divided doses) for 3 months.
The technique of hydrodissection was originally described by Dowling and Orlando in 1929. It involves: (1) skin incision in large flaps, (2) craniotomy, (3) cortisectomy of no less than three-fourth of the larger diameter of the cyst, (4) use of warm hypertonic saline (3%) in the surgical borders between the brain and the cyst, and (5) cyst delivery. The most important step is cortisectomy and identification of plane between cyst wall and cortex. It is considered to be a safe method for complete cyst removal as also seen in our case, avoiding intraoperative rupture of the cyst leading to spillage of cyst contents, anaphylactic shock, and mortality immediately and recurrence of disease later on. It can be done even in very large cysts which are located superficially. However, it is not immune from the complications of cyst rupture.[1],[2]
The use of antihelminthic agents such as albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel in the management of liver hydatid cysts is well documented in literature; however, there is very little evidence for the same in intracranial hydatidosis, and there are concerns about the penetration of these drugs across the blood–brain barrier and the cyst capsule. Moreover, albendazole has been reported ineffective in cases of large cerebral hydatid cysts [Figure 1] and [Figure 2].[3]
PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration) is another technique described for surgical removal of hydatid cysts. It involves puncture and needle aspiration of cyst contents, injection of a scolicidal agent for 20–30 min, and reaspiration and final irrigation. It can be done in cortical as well as deep-seated cysts; however, there is an increased risk of cyst rupture.[4] Different scolicidal solutions used in PAIR include hypertonic saline (20%), 3% hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% cetrimide-0.15% chlorhexidine, 95% ethyl alcohol, and 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Senapati SB, Parida DK, Pattajoshi AS, Gouda AK, Patnaik A. Primary hydatid cyst of brain: Two cases report. Asian J Neurosurg 2015;10:175-6.  |
| 2. | Carrea R, Dowling E Jr., Guevara JA. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the central nervous system in the pediatric age (Dowling's technique). Childs Brain 1975;1:4-21. |
| 3. | Yurt A, Avci M, Selçuki M, Ozer F, Camlar M, Uçar K, et al. Multiple cerebral hydatid cysts. Report of a case with 24 pieces. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2007;109:821-6. |
| 4. | Duishanbai S, Jiafu D, Guo H, Liu C, Liu B, Aishalong M, et al. Intracranial hydatid cyst in children: Report of 30 cases. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:821-7. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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