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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 24
| Issue : 1 | Page : 78-79 |
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Cecal hematoma associated with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonate
M Bilal Mirza1, Muhammad Salman Saleem1, Abrar Kamran1, Mahvish Hussain2, Tariq Khawaja1, Kashif Arsalan1, Nabila Talat1
1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
2 Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| Date of Web Publication | 19-Dec-2018 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. M Bilal Mirza
Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore
Pakistan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_211_17
How to cite this article:
Mirza M B, Saleem MS, Kamran A, Hussain M, Khawaja T, Arsalan K, Talat N. Cecal hematoma associated with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonate. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2019;24:78-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Mirza M B, Saleem MS, Kamran A, Hussain M, Khawaja T, Arsalan K, Talat N. Cecal hematoma associated with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonate. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg [serial online] 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 1];24:78-9. Available from: https://www.jiaps.com/text.asp?2019/24/1/78/247901 |
Sir,
Cecal hematoma is exceedingly rare entity and usually reported in the elderly as a complication of colonoscopy.[1] This is not reported, to the best of our knowledge, in neonates.
A 4-day-old male neonate, weighing 2.4 kg, presented with a history of delayed passage of meconium, abdominal distention, bilious vomiting, hematochezia, and pallor. The baby passed small amount of meconium on the 2nd day of life and was on mother feed. The abdominal distension developed gradually over the next 2 days and was associated with few episodes of bilious vomiting on the 3rd day of life. On the 4th day of life, the baby passed fresh blood and clots per rectum and also developed pallor. On examination, abdomen was distended and shiny; rectal stimulation showed blood-stained meconium. Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin of 8.3 g/dl, white blood cell 4000/cc, and C-reactive protein 48; the rest of laboratory tests were normal. X-ray abdomen erect showed dilated bowel loops. Ultrasound abdomen showed dilated bowel loops. On exploration, small bowel was distended, slightly edematous and inflamed, with multiple hemorrhagic patches and large bowel was collapsed. A large mural cecal hematoma [Figure 1] was present which caused the intestinal obstruction. The cecal hematoma was evacuated along with limited right hemicolectomy; ileostomy and mucous fistula were created. Serial biopsies were taken to rule out Hirschsprung's disease (HD).
Initial postoperative course was uneventful. His stoma started moving on the 2nd postoperative day and he was started orally on the 4th postoperative day. On the 5th postoperative day, the baby developed whole body edema. Complete blood count showed thrombocytopenia. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were also deranged. C-reactive protein increased to 98 and serum albumin dropped to 2.2 g/dl. Blood culture was negative. Antibiotics were stepped up, and the baby was infused albumin and fresh frozen plasma. Two transfusions of platelets were also given. The patient improved gradually and was discharged on the 17th postoperative day on full feeds. Histopathology showed normal ganglion cells in all samples, and biopsy of ileum/cecum showed edema of lamina propria, submucosa, and muscle coat with infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Cecal hematoma is usually reported after blunt abdominal trauma, colonoscopy, foreign body ingestion, patients on anticoagulation therapy, hemophilia, and occasionally spontaneous in nature.[1],[2],[3],[4] No case has yet been reported in association with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC usually appears in preterm neonates on the 2nd week of their life, but in 10%–15% of cases, it can appear in term neonates and in that case it appears early, within few days after birth.[5] Our suspicion was of HD or NEC, but peroperatively, the hemorrhagic patches were not exactly looking like NEC; that is why we also took serial biopsies to rule out HD. Although histopathologic features of advanced or fully developed NEC were not present, exclusion of HD, presence of bowel wall edema and inflammation, and histopathologic evidence of edema of bowel layers along with infiltration of inflammatory cells may point toward early or developing NEC. As per Bell's classification, our case falls in Stage IB or IIA as no pneumatosis intestinalis was visible. Since our patient deteriorated postoperatively, it can be speculated that the disease process progressed but ultimately settled down; however, we cannot exclude hospital-acquired infection after surgery.
To summarize, NEC can present early in term neonates and occasionally it may be associated with cecal hematoma which was the main reason of sudden pallor in our patient. Surgical intervention to evacuate it, limited right hemicolectomy, and temporary enterostomy proved life-saving in our patient.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the legal guardian has given his consent for images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The guardian understands that name and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal patient identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Nakayama Y, Fukushima M, Sakai M, Hisano T, Nagata N, Shirahata A, et al. Intramural hematoma of the cecum as the lead point of intussusception in an elderly patient with hemophilia A: Report of a case. Surg Today 2006;36:563-5.  |
| 2. | Gallo D, Tebrock C, Rivera D. Intramural cecal hematoma: An unusual complication of colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:254-7. |
| 3. | Yin WY, Gueng MK, Huang SM, Chen HT, Chang TM. Acute colonic intramural hematoma due to blunt abdominal trauma. Int Surg 2000;85:51-4. |
| 4. | Sorbello MP, Utiyama EM, Parreira JG, Birolini D, Rasslan S. Spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma induced by anticoagulant therapy: Review and case report. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2007;62:785-90. |
| 5. | Ostlie DJ, Spilde TL, St. Peter SD, Sexton N, Miller KA, Sharp RJ, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term infants. J Pediatr Surg 2003;38:1039-42.Sir, |
[Figure 1]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Delayed presentation of intramural cecal hematoma with challenges in the treatment. A case report and review of the literature |
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| Hussam I.A. Alzeerelhouseini, Yousef S. Abuzneid, Osama Y. Aljabarein | | International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2021; 82: 105884 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
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